Introduction: As the name suggests, the division spermatophyte (sperma=seed, phyton=plant) includes all the seed-bearing plants. It has been divided into two sub-divisions The sub-division Gymnosperms (gymnos=naked, sperma=seed) includes simpler and primitive plants of the division Spermatophyta. They are characterized by … Read more
In this article, we will discuss the following major points in detail:- 1. Introduction A gene is the portion of DNA that codes for an entire protein or RNA. The cell does not constantly need all the proteins and RNA it produces. … Read more
HISTORY OF FUNGICIDES There are different types of Fungicides that are agents or chemicals and are used to prevent or eradicate fungal infections from plants or seeds. Most fungicides have low to moderate toxicity. In 1802, lime sulfur was first used … Read more
In This Article we discuss the: Clearing and staining roots for examination of arbuscular mycorrhizas, ericoid mycorrhizas, orchid mycorrhizas, and dark septate endophytes: Embedding material for light microscopy: To obtain uniform thin sections of a specimen it is necessary to … Read more
Monotropoid mycorrhizae, in common with arbutoid mycorrhizas, share features typical of ectomycorrhizas and ectendomycorhizas. Monotropoid mycorrhizas have a mantle that is sometimes very thick, and a Hartig net confined to the epidermis (para epidermal). Although the plant species that form … Read more
After reading this article, you will learn the Chi-Square Test and Probability theories and examples in detail Chi-Square Test The size of the population is an important factor that must be considered when calculating chi-square or goodness of fit. Assume … Read more
